Asking for symptoms like urinary incontinence, feeling damp, or leaking fluid. A thorough maternal and family history including past medical history, previous pregnancy, or medication use can screen for conditions associated with oligohydramnios. Having a very low amniotic fluid can cause intrauterine growth restriction and umbilical cord constriction which can cause fetal distress resulting in premature or cesarean delivery.ĭiagnosis should usually be confirmed by: A very low amniotic fluid may result in a few lung tissues causing breathing trouble upon delivery. The amniotic fluid plays an essential role in lung development, where it pushes the air sacs to open and stimulates them to grow. Amniotic fluid cushions the baby’s umbilical cord to prevent compression, which obstructs blood flow, oxygen, and nutrients to the baby. This is due to reduced renal perfusion and urinary output. Oligohydramnios in the first six months of pregnancy is generally more dangerous and can affect the baby’s development. Uteroplacental insufficiency is a condition in which oxygen and nutrients are not sufficient enough for the fetus via the placenta and the fetus may stop recycling fluid causing oligohydramnios. Chronic hypoxia can result in the shunting of fetal blood away from the kidneys to more vital organs. It can also cause decreased renal perfusion in the fetus thereby reducing urine production. Maternal and fetal hypoxic hypoxia and anemic hypoxia are both associated with placental dysfunction. Lack of water can cause nutritional deficiencies and poor tissue perfusion affecting the health of the pregnant women and the developing baby. When the kidneys can’t keep up it can cause dehydration from the excess glucose excreted in the urine along with the fluids from body tissues. The excess glucose that builds up in the blood can cause the kidneys to work overtime to filter and absorb the excess glucose. This may result in less oxygen and nutrients to the fetus resulting in oligohydramnios. These conditions cause a decrease in placental perfusion due to the limited blood supply to the placenta and fetus. Maternal hypertension or pre-eclampsia.The following are the risk factors associated with oligohydramnios: Most pregnant women who develop oligohydramnios do not have any identifiable risk factors, which is why the primary care physician is stressing the importance of regular prenatal appointments to monitor the amniotic fluid levels throughout the pregnancy. It is a serious placenta-related condition, where one twin is surrounded with too little amniotic fluid while the other twin has too little amniotic fluid. A leak or tear in the membrane can cause oligohydramnios even before the labor begins. Amniotic fluid significantly decreases by half after 40 weeks of gestation. Problems like dysplastic kidneys or bladder outlet obstruction can cause oligohydramnios because the majority of amniotic fluid production comes from fetal urine. Fetal swallowing and intramembranous absorption problems can result in oligohydramnios. The blood from the placenta is redistributed to the fetal brain rather than the abdomen and kidneys, causing decreased fetal urine output. The fetal kidneys fail to develop or have malformation such as the absence of one or both kidneys (renal agenesis). It also correlates with certain drugs that pregnant women take to treat these conditions. Dehydration, diabetes, hypertension, and pre-eclampsia can greatly affect the amniotic fluid levels from uteroplacental insufficiency. Any problems affecting the production of urine, the pathway or structure, or a rupture of the membrane can lead to oligohydramnios. The fetus swallows and breathes the amniotic fluid which is voided after, and the cycle repeats. It consists of fetal urine output, and some fetal respiratory secretion, along with hydrostatic and osmotic transport of maternal plasma small through the placenta. The volume of amniotic fluid is from the fluid production and fluid movement out of the sac.
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